Basic TasksPerform With Short Keys

Basic Tasks Perform With Short Keys

Action	Press
Display	F1
Rename The Selected Item	F2
Search for a file or folder	F3
Active the menu bar in the active program	F10
Refresh the active window	F5(Ctrl +R)
Open or close the Star menu	Windows logo key
Cycle through Programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip-_D	Window logo key +Tab
Display the system Properties dialog box	Windows logo key +pause
Display the desktop	Windows logo key +D
Minimize all windows	Window logo key +M
Restore minimized windows to the desktop	Window logo key +Shift +M
Open Computer	Windows logo key +E
Search for a file or folder	Windows logo key +F
Lock your computer or switch users	Windows logo key +L
Open the run dialog box	Window logo key +R
Maximize the windows	Windows logo key  +Up Arrow
Maximize the window to the left side of the screen	Window logo key +Left Arrow
Minimize the windows to the right side of the screen	Windows logo key +Right Arrow
Minimize the window	Window logo key +Down Arrow
Minimize all but the active window	Windows logo key =Home
Open Task Manager	Ctrl+ Shift +Esc

 

What is Hertz

What is Hertz
In 1887 German physician Heinrich Hertz demonstrate the effects of electromagnetic radiation through space,In this honor the hertz (HZ) is now the standard unit for the measurement of the frequency (1 HZ equals one complete cycle per second)

The Unit Of Storage

The Unit of Storage

Memory	Value.
Bit	Smallest unit of information, short hand term  for  binary digit.
Nibble	4 bits (Half of a byte)
Byte	8 bits (Equal to one Character)
Word	16  bits on most personal computers (longer words possible on large Computers)
Kilobyte(KB)	1024 bytes
Megabyte(MB)	1,048,576 bytes (Approximately one million bytes or 1024 KB)
Gigabyte(GB)	1,073,741,824 bytes (Approximately one billion bytes or 1024 MB)
Terabyte(TB)	1024 Gigabyte of data

The Binary System

The Binary System

The binary system of numbers uses the base of 2(0 and 1).A bit can exist in only two states.ON or OFF

What is Data

What is Data 

A collection of fact and figures that we give to the computer for gathering useful result and information is called data. There is three types of data.

• Alphabetic Data (A to Z)
• Numeric Data(0 to 9)
• Alphanumeric Data (A to Z and 0 to 9)

Secondary Storage

Secondary Storage

Secondary Storage
It has three types.

1. Magnetic Disk
2. Optical  Disk
3. Flash Memory

Magnetic Disk

It is most widely used storage media for all type of computer.A magnetic disk is a thin circular metal plate or platter coated `with magnetic material.Information disk is can be record on or read from the magnetic surface through magnetism. Magnetic disk is a random access media .

Type Of  Magnetic Disk

There are the following of the magnetic disk.

1. Hard Disk
2. Floppy Disk
3. Zip Disk 

Optical Disc

Optical disk issued laser technology to read or write information.LASER stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Laser beam is user to make time holes on the surface of the disk.

Compact Disk(CD)

Cd is the most popular optical medium. It can hold 650 MB to 800 MB of data.the data on the CD cannot be erased like magnetic diskettes.

DVD

DVD, also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video disc", is an optical disc storage media forma. Its main uses are video and data storage.DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs(CD),but store more than six times as much data.

Blu-Ray Disc

Blu-Ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an is optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. The standard Physical medium is  12 cm plastic optical disc, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Blu -Ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer.with dual layer discs (50 GB)the standard for feature-length video discs and additional layers possible in the future.

Flash Memory And Drive 

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and re-programmed. It is primarily used in memory cards,USB flash drives, Mp3 players and solid-state drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. Its is a specific type of  EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read -only memory) that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the entire chip bad to be erased at once. 

USB Drive

A USB flash drive consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface.USB flash drives are typically removable and re writable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk.Most weight less than 30g. Storage capacities in 2010 can be as large as 256 GB with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected . 

Storage

Storage
Storage refers to the media either data are storage temporarily or permanently. There are two main types of storage.
Primary Storage or main Memory 
Secondary Storage 
Primary Storage or main Memory (RAM)
Primary storage,presently known as memory or simply RAM,is the only one directly accessible to the CPU.The CPU continuously reads instruction stored there and executes them as required.

• Operating system and other system software that controls or maintain the computer and its devices.
• Application program that carry out a specific task such as word processing etc.
• Data to be processed by the a application programs and resulting information.

RAM

RAM stand for Random Access Memory.RAM is also called main memory or primary storage, it consists of memory chips that can and written to by the processor and other devices. RAM varies in size like 128 MB,256 MB And 512 MB to 2 GB.RAM cannot data and instruction permanently.When we switch off the computer,all data and instruction from RAM are washed or vanished.Therefor it is called volatile memory.

ROM

ROM stand for Read Only Memory.it consists of those instruction that prepare the computer for use.ROM instruction are automatically load into the main Memory.These instruction can only be read but cannot be changed or deleted.it is not possible to write new instruction into the ROM.it store data and Instruction permanently.When we switch off the computer,the instructions stored in the ROM are not lost. Therefore it is a non-volatile memory. 

Ports

Ports

A'Port' serve as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices.physically, a port is a specialized outlet on apiece of  equipment  to which a plug or cable connects.  

Computer Hardware: Mother Board

Computer Hardware: Mother Board: Mother Board The mother board sometime called a system board is the main circuit board of the system unit. it is used to connect all kind...

Mother Board

Mother Board

The mother board sometime called a system board is the main circuit board of the system unit. it is used to connect all kind of hardware devices.

Central Processing Unit

Central Processing Unit(CUP)

 The Microprocessor, also called the central processing unit, interprets and carries out all the basic instructions that operator the computer.Processor contains a control unit (CU) and an Arithmetic and logic unit (A L U).these two components work together to perform processing of operations  

Control Unit (CU)

The  Control unit is the component of the processor that directs a coordination most of operations in the computer.The control unit has a rule much like a traffic cops.it interprets each instruction issued by a program and then initiates the appropriate action to carry out the instructions.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)anther Component of the processor performs arithmetic,comparison,and logical operation.Arithmetic operations 
include basic calculation such as addition,subtraction,multiplication and division.logic operation include condition along with logical operator such as AND,OR,and NOT. for example,if only employee before computing an overtime wage 
1.The employee is paid hourly AND.
2.The employee worked more than 40 hours

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

Everything that computer display after processing is called output.

Type Of  output

1.Hard Form:Printed paper or other permanent media that physically exists.

2.Soft Form: Display on screen or by other non-permanent means that not keep physically

OUTPUT Devices
Computer hardware components that are used to receive processed information from computer are called output devices.

1.Monitor/LCD
A monitor or display (sometime called a visual display unit) is an electronic visual display for computers. it's like TV

2.Speaker A loudspeaker (or"speaker")that produces sound in response to an electronic audio signal input.

3.Printers 
It takes electronic signals from computer and convert them in to text and make an image on paper

4.Plotters
A Plotter is a computer printing devices for printing Big level graphics.  

Multimedia

Multimedia

Multimedia is a combination of sound and images with text and graphics. This would include movies,animation,music,people talking,sound effects like the roar of a crowed,smashing etc.

Webcam

Webcam

 A webcam is a video camera takes video or still photographs. 

 

Glide Pad

Glide Pad

A Glide Pad,also called touch pad, track pad is a pointing device consisting of specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen

Mouse

Mouse

A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer

on a display screen.

Digital Camera

Digital Camera

A digital camera is a camera that takes video or still photographs.

Scanner

Scanner

Scanner or computer scanners are used to transfer image or text into a computer 

TrackBall

Track Ball

A trackball is a specific style of computer mouse.User track the ball with his finger and arrow move the

on-screen.

Key Board

Key Board

Computer keyboards are similar to eletric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys.keyboard is use to enter data into a computer

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INPUT Devices

INPUT Devices

An input device is any hardware component that allow you to enter data or instruction into a computer .most commonly used input devices are the key board,mouse,microphone ,scanner,digital camera,and PC video camera.

INPUT

INPUT

Everything that we give to the computer system through input devices called input.

Information Processing Cycle(I P C)

Information Processing Cycle(I P C)

Information processing cycle consists of a series of tasks or 

steps required to convert data into information .different steps of information processing cycle a
re as
 follows.

Information

Information 

The processed form of data is called  information.information conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people.

Characteristics Of a Computer

Characteristics Of a Computer

1.Speed 

A computer is a very fast device. It can perform in a few seconds the amount of work that a human being can do in an entire year.

2.Accuracy

The accuracy of computer is consistently high and the degree of accuarcy of a particular computer depends upon its design.

3.Dilligence

A computer is free from monotony,tiredness and  lack conentrations.it can do work for hours.

4.Versatillity

Veratility is one of the most wonderful things about the computer .it can do many types of work such as preparing result,bills,letters etc.

5.No IQ

A computer cannot take its own decision in this regard.

6.NO Feeling

Computer have no feeling and no instinct because they are machines. 

Non-Branded Computer

NoN-Branded Computer

These computer have no special name but these recognize with its technology like Pentium 1 or Pentium 4.They are normally assembled with different companies parts.They are cheap and less reliable machines.

PC's normally come in four sizes &shapes;

3/4 Desk Top PC

3/4 Tower PC 

3/4 Laptop PC

3/4 Palm Top Pc

Brand Computer

Brand Computer

These computer are asseemble or manufactured a company and marketed them with a spical name. For exam Ple IBM, APPLE, ACER, COMPAQ, HEWLLET PACKEDRD (HP),DELL and so on. These are high quality, high cost machines.

Introduction To Personal Computers

Introduction To Personal Computers 

Personal computer is also called Microcomputer  was designed be one person at a time.These are small in size and mainly used in Accounting, Database,Word Processing  and Speed Sheet Packages etc.
Intel Based  Microcomputer is of two Categories;


Old Series 8088,8086,80286,80486,80386,80486 and 80586


New Series  Pentium 1,Pentium II Pentium III,  Celron, Pentium 4,Pentium Core. 

Depending Upon Their Working Principle

Depending Upon Their Working Principle

(a) Analog Computer :

Such a type in computer i which input is given in the form of digits but output is receiving in graphical  form.. This out put in correct 90%(1.e. wall clock,Thermometer, Magnetic Needle etc.)

(b) Digital Computer

Digital computer  that in which input is given in the form of digits and output is also received in form of digit (Digital Watch,Calculate etc.)

(c)Hybrif Computer

There  computer  have both properties analog and digital. Hybrid Computer given output in both and graphs all PC are the Hybrid computer having both properties.

Classification Of Computer

                                       
                                                           Classifiication Of Computer

Computer  is  classified according  to their size,Technology  and the woking Principal into different categoriess. 

• Depending upon their size

• Depending upon working principal

• Depending upon Technology 

Depending Upon Their Size:

Super Computer :

Faster,Most powerful,

Computer  is  classified according  to their size,Technology  and the woking Principal into different categoriess. 

• Depending upon their size

• Depending upon working principal

• Depending upon Technology 

Depending Upon Their Size:

Super Computer :

F Most expensive, large in size and Memory,Multi -User. The first cray super Computer was introduced in 1976.

Mainframe Computer:

Less powerful than Super computer ,Large in size and memory ,Multi-User, Expensive.

Mini Computer:

less  powerful than Mainframe,Medium Sized,Multi-user,Expensive.

Micro Computer:

Single User ,powerful Enough,in expensive ,personal computer

Brief history of Computer

                                                           Brief  history of Computer  The abacus,shown in below,is a calculator;its first recorded use was circa 500 B.C. The Chine used it to add, subtract,multiply,and divide.

• In 17th century BLAISE PASCAL a mathematician and scientist of France developed the first mechanical calculator, which he called the "Pascalins".
• CHARLES BABBAGE a mathematician of UK in 1822 designed a special type of calculator called "differnce Engir.e"and in 1833 he developed a machine called "ANALYTICAL ENGINE".
• Later on American Scientists working at Howard University developed computer between 1937 and 1943 called"Howard mark-1".
• First electronic computer wa developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania USA.
• First Personal (PC) was developed in 1981.